Handling the Brain Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Handling the Brain The initial premise of this web search was to determine what differences, if any, were cognise to exist in the brain of the ambidextrous individual. An actual classification of ambidexterity seems to have been all exactly eliminated, while the explanation of the term, handedness, has become more and more muddled. Beyond superstitions and mysticism, in its earliest history an individuals favoritism of the left or right hand proved significant mainly to those clinicians who utilized this physical touch of handedness as an indicator of brain lateralization (2). Lateralization in general refers to the concept that a given function is controlled preferentially by angiotensin converting enzyme side of the brain or body (5). Brain lateralization further implicates the functional specialization of the two cerebral cerebral hemispheres - the left and right - which may be distinct in the localization of neural mechanisms for particular functions (3). The corpus callosum serves as the physical and functional connection between these two cerebral hemispheres. Each hemisphere receives sensory information and controls movement on the side of the body opposite its location. An intact corpus callosum insures communication between the two hemispheres to build a serious understanding of actions and perception. In certain extreme cases of severe epileptic seizures a split-brain operation is necessary, severing the corpus callosum, which serves to greatly reduce seizure frequency but leaves the cerebral hemispheres to function virtually independently (6). Handedness then, has come to be considered - not merely the hand you favor for writing - but rather a possible indication of hemispheric language specialization. It was the French neurosurgeon, Paul... ... Interaction by John Gregory Hibbard http//monroe.lib.in.us/bpmchi/Hibbard.html2)handedness http//www.nurseminerva.co.uk/handedne.htm3)Handedness and Brain Lateralization http//www.indiana.edu/primate/b rain.html4)Scientific American Ask the Experts Biology http//www.sciam.com/missing.cfm5) growth of Lateralization and a Role in Language http//n002bsel.bios.uic.edu/evolution/vertcns/lateralization/index.html6)Splitting the Human Brain by Paul Pietsch http//www.php.indiana.edu/pietsch/split-brain.html7)ambidexterity Memory Power and Mindfulness - Ambidexterity Develops http//www.earthlink.net/error/404.htmlFurther Investigation 8)TRY IT Hemispheric Specialization http//www.cord.edu/faculty/covey/hemisphere.html9)Left brain / Right Brain http//www.geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/1892/hemisphr.htm

The Scarlet Letter :: Literary Analysis, Hawthorne

When someone makes a mistake, they usu whollyy try to hide the rectitude to avoid the consequences. The Puritans had a very stringent society in which all sins were met with harsh penalisation. In The Scarlet letter, by Nathanial Hawthorn, Hester Prynne and Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale commit adultery, but the populace only knows about Hesters sin Dimmesdales remains hidden. However, by hiding his sin, Dimmesdale suffers much more than Hester does. In The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorn shows that the repercussions of a secret sin are much worse than those of a revealed sin.Hesters punishment comes from society, so it is not nearly as painful as it could be. One part of Hesters punishment is to stand on the scaffold in dishearten for three hours. The scaffold is a place where iniquity is dragged out into the sunlight (57) and the truth is revealed, so everyone in the Puritan town knows that Hester is guilty of the sin. While her punishment is denigrating, it is not as bad as the punishments usually are, for she does not have to undergo that gripe around the neck (58). The other part of her punishment is to wear, for the inhabit of her life, a scarlet A on her dress. The A, for adulterer, is meant to be a stigma for everyone to see and mock. However, Hester beautifully embroiders the mark with gold-thread and wears it with pride. The mark stays with her after she leaves the scaffold and finds a home on the edge of town. She is originally scorned and avoided, but she is needed She sews for the governor and soldiers for public ceremonies. Due to the passage of time, her usefulness, and her acceptable behavior (she never battles with the public nor complains), Hester is forgiven and her sin is forgotten. Seven years after receiving the A, people change the meaning of the letter from adulterer to able, and instead of referring to her as a sinner, the townspeople refer to her as one who is so helpful to the sick, so comfortable to the afflicted (169). So ciety feels that Hester had already served enough punishment, and she eventually becomes a respected woman in the town. Since the truth about her sin is known, Hester is able to overcome societys punishment eventually she regains the acceptance, and even the admiration, of the Puritan townspeople.

Parkinsons Disease :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Parkinsons malady Five old age ago, she could lock up show the world her pleasant demeanour with a smile. Four geezerhood ago, she could no longer smile, but she was still able to walk upright. Two years ago, she could no longer walk without maintenance from a walker, but she could still find her mouth with a fork while eating dinner. Eighteen months ago, she could no longer eat under her testify power, as the involuntary tremors in her hands flung the food from the fork long before it reached her mouth. A year ago, my grandmother died. She was diagnosed with Parkinsons Disease (PD) five years ago, and slowly deteriorated for four years until her death. She was given myriad drugs, but none seemed to help for more than a month, leaving her in worse condition aft(prenominal) the effects wore off. Herein lies the riddle of Parkinsons Disease. Researchers set about made great progress in uncovering the etiology of this mysterious disease. Before summariz ing some of the actual theories on the cause of PD, however, it is essential to describe some clinical observations of patients. Symptoms of PD include tremors, rigidity, bradikinesia (slowness of movement) and loss of postural control (1). It has been found that patients who show these symptoms for PD sacrifice an eighty percent simplification in the levels of both dopamine (a neurotransmitter in the Substantia nigra) and dopaminergic neurons (neurons that contain dopamine receptors) (1). There are currently four main theories on the cause of Parkinsons Disease (a) Oxidation of molecules such as iron in the Substantia Nigra by free radicals kill the dopaminergic neurons (1) (b) environmental toxins similar to MPTP (a chemical compound related to the painkiller Demerol), which have been shown to cause Parkinsonism-like symptoms, kill the neurons (1,2) (c) a mysteriously change magnitude rate of dopaminergic neuronal apoptosis in some individuals (1) and (d) Genetic in fluence, as the penetrance of PD has been observed at higher levels within some families (1). There is evidence for all of these theories, although the most concrete evidence comes from a study that showed increased levels of iron in the Substantia Nigra in PD patients (1). While this study proved nothing, it provided further evidence for a powerful oxidizing agent, such as a free radical, involved in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons.Parkinsons Disease Biology Essays Research PapersParkinsons Disease Five years ago, she could still show the world her pleasant demeanor with a smile. Four years ago, she could no longer smile, but she was still able to walk upright. Two years ago, she could no longer walk without aid from a walker, but she could still find her mouth with a fork while eating dinner. Eighteen months ago, she could no longer eat under her own power, as the involuntary tremors in her hands flung the food from the fork long before it reached her mouth . A year ago, my grandmother died. She was diagnosed with Parkinsons Disease (PD) five years ago, and slowly deteriorated for four years until her death. She was given myriad drugs, but none seemed to help for more than a month, leaving her in worse condition after the effects wore off. Herein lies the mystery of Parkinsons Disease. Researchers have made great progress in uncovering the etiology of this mysterious disease. Before summarizing some of the current theories on the cause of PD, however, it is necessary to describe some clinical observations of patients. Symptoms of PD include tremors, rigidity, bradikinesia (slowness of movement) and loss of postural control (1). It has been found that patients who show these symptoms for PD have an eighty percent reduction in the levels of both dopamine (a neurotransmitter in the Substantia Nigra) and dopaminergic neurons (neurons that contain dopamine receptors) (1). There are currently four main theories on the cause of Parkinsons Disease (a) Oxidation of molecules such as iron in the Substantia Nigra by free radicals kill the dopaminergic neurons (1) (b) environmental toxins similar to MPTP (a compound related to the painkiller Demerol), which have been shown to cause Parkinsonism-like symptoms, kill the neurons (1,2) (c) a mysteriously increased rate of dopaminergic neuronal apoptosis in some individuals (1) and (d) Genetic influence, as the penetrance of PD has been observed at higher levels within some families (1). There is evidence for all of these theories, although the most concrete evidence comes from a study that showed increased levels of iron in the Substantia Nigra in PD patients (1). While this study proved nothing, it provided further evidence for a powerful oxidizing agent, such as a free radical, involved in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons.

The Human Genome Project Essay -- Genetics Science Biology Essays

The Human Genome formulateThe Human Genome Project is a long-term go through by international scientist to develop detailed genetic and physical maps of the human genome. Researchers are engaged in locating and identifying all of its genes and establishing the sequence of the genes and all new(prenominal) components of the genome. This monstrous task has the potential to dramatically increase our understanding of human evolution and variation, and perhaps most importantlyhuman disease.The success of the Human Genome Project also poses potential societal problems. just about genetic disorders will be detectable long before there will be treatments available for them. line could also arise over reproductive issues. For example, people may consider terminating pregnancies for reasons of genetic makeup, or if there is social pressure to limit reproductive rights or genetic grounds. Issues of genetic discrimination and confidentiality in the insurance industry and employment also mus t be addressed.The ProjectIn 1988, a committee organize by the National Institutes of Health and the Department of Energy developed an action plan for the Human Genome Project. In 1990, a five-year joint research proposal was submitted to Congress, and in October 1990, the Human Genome Project officially began. The project has been organized and supported primarily by the DOE and the NIH, which established working groups to address genome mapping, computational analysis to suitcase databases, and the social, legal, and ethical implications of the human genome research. Congress funds the project through the National Center for Human Genome Research at the NIH, which in turn awards grants and contracts to U.S. investigators. Additional livelihood from Con... ...of the human being, absolutely outweigh the negative factors. I do believe however that a certain level of education should begin to inform individuals round the project and the results to come, and perhaps fewer problems will result.ReferencesPatenting the Human Genome The Lancet Oct 2, 1999 p1135The Human Genome Project and Gene Therapy A genetic counselors perspective Journal of Prenatal & neonatal Nursing, Dec 1998 p16The Code Breaker Discover, May 1998 p44Genetic Sampling big brother, or big science? Public Health ReportsJan-Feb 1998 p71The Human Genome Project http//www.ornl.gov/TechResources/Human_Genome/home.htmlSome Other Useful Web SitesCenter Site NIH Human Genome Program http//www.nhgri.nih.gov/HGP/ DOE Human Genome Program http//www.er.doe.gov/production/ober/hug_top.html Genome Database http//gdb.org/

Essay --

Dark Ro populaceticism in The Ministers Black VeilGothic piece is related to a style of fiction that deals with the mysterious or grotesque Nathaniel Hawthornes The Ministers Black Veil is classified as a dark amative work because it contains the themes of sin, guilt, and looking at the darker side of human life. He had trouble from his early life, his dreary adulthood, and his fascinations with common man. His early and more unsuccessful work is from his tranquil and productive years.Hawthorne is a dark romantic because of his early life, dismal adulthood. He grew up without a father, when he was four his father died, leaving his mother and deuce sisters (Pearson 1). Pearson said the woods helped young Hawthorne heal, when he was young he was considered to be delicate, and Hawthorne became a reckless child injuring himself leaving him laid up for about a year (1). While he was healing he developed a strong love for reading (1). When he was old enough he added a W to his name to escape his ancestors background because his great-great-grandfather was a judge at the Salem Witch Trials, and he was the only man to not apologize for sentencing innocent people to their deaths (Allen 454). I take shame upon myself for their sakes and pray that any curse incurred by themmay now and henceforth upstage (454). Hawthorne was also fascinated by common man because he saw himself different from them, and he avoided failures daily (Bloom 33). Hawthorne didnt waste his time chatting with people peculiarly people who he thought of as fools (33). Hawthornes methods were to love and pity mankind more than he mocked them, he never created a character which didnt possess a soul another method was to write with a noble respect for his own... ...regarding the request from the current minister and his wife as he took his last breath his veil stirred a bit, a piece of cloth separated him from the rest of the world it had taken away friendship with his assembly and his relationsh ip with his wife. It settled upon his face, as if to deepen the gloom of his darksome chamber, and shade him from the sunshine of eternity (3). These points classify Hawthorne as a dark romantic because he had a sad childhood and a stressful adulthood, and his obsession with common people. The years after college his silent and productive years were when Hawthorne became a transcendentalist and he started to write in the style of a dark romantic. His themes of sin, guilt, personal choices, and how individuals deal with the consequences on their decisions played many vital roles in his story helping classify him as a dark romantic.

Essay --

Dark Romanticism in The Ministers Black Veil gothic writing is related to a style of fiction that deals with the mysterious or grotesque Nathaniel Hawthornes The Ministers Black Veil is classified as a unrelenting romantic build because it contains the themes of sin, guilt, and looking at the darker side of human life. He had trouble from his early life, his dreary adulthood, and his fascinations with common man. His early and more unsuccessful work is from his silent and productive years.Hawthorne is a dark romantic because of his early life, dismal adulthood. He grew up without a father, when he was four his father died, leaving his experience and two sisters (Pearson 1). Pearson said the woods helped young Hawthorne heal, when he was young he was considered to be delicate, and Hawthorne became a reckless child injuring himself leaving him laid up for almost a year (1). While he was healing he developed a strong love for reading (1). When he was old nice he added a W to his nam e to escape his ancestors background because his great-great-grandfather was a judge at the Salem Witch Trials, and he was the just man to not apologize for sentencing innocent slew to their deaths (Allen 454). I take shame upon myself for their sakes and pray that any curse incurred by themmay now and henceforward removed (454). Hawthorne was also fascinated by common man because he saw himself different from them, and he avoided failures daily (Bloom 33). Hawthorne didnt waste his time chatting with people especially people who he thought of as fools (33). Hawthornes methods were to love and pity mankind more than he mocked them, he never created a example which didnt possess a soul another method was to salve with a noble respect for his own... ...regarding the request from the current minister and his wife as he took his last breath his veil stirred a bit, a piece of cloth separated him from the rest of the world it had taken away fellowship with his congregation and his relationship with his wife. It settled upon his face, as if to deepen the gloom of his darksome chamber, and shade him from the sunshine of eternity (3). These points classify Hawthorne as a dark romantic because he had a sad childhood and a stressful adulthood, and his obsession with common people. The years after college his silent and productive years were when Hawthorne became a transcendentalist and he started to write in the style of a dark romantic. His themes of sin, guilt, personal choices, and how individuals deal with the consequences on their decisions played many vital roles in his story helping classify him as a dark romantic.